Netherlands

Background Readings

• History of Jews in the Netherlands
• The Netherlands between the Wars
• Yad Vashem: Brief History of Holocaust in the Netherlands

Websites Relating to Resistance and Hermina Aussems’ Experience

• Survival and Resistance: The Netherlands Under Nazi Assault
• Woolf, Dr. Linda M. Paper presented at the USHMM in 1999.
• Anne Frank Center

Websites Relating Directly to Andrew Schot’s Experience

• Vught

• • National Monument Konzentrationslager Hertogenbusch
  • The Holocaust: Lest We Forget

  • Information on Vught as well as other camps in the Netherlands. Incorporated into the Hebrew University Center for Research into Dutch Jewry.

  • Yad Vashem:Vught
  • Jewish Virtual Library: Vught

• Papenburg

• • Very little information is available about this labor camp in Germany. Most information centers on a song “The Peat-Bog Soldiers” composed by labor unionists, socialist and communist resisters of National Socialism imprisoned in the mid-1930s.
  • Lesson plan using Mooersoldaten from multi-lingual German Holocaust Education Website
  • Zekelman Holocaust Memorial Center

  • Papenburg mentioned in 1933 on timeline of concentration camps.

Primary Documents

• Papenberg mentioned at Nuremburg case against Pohl as administered by the Justice Ministry rather than the Concentration Camp Ministry (IKL). Yale University Avalon Project.
• Yad Vashem History of Holocaust Site
• Gestapo Chief Rudolf Diels mentions Papenburg in his memoirs.

Further Reading on Jews in the Netherlands

• Jewish Virtual Library: Jews in the Netherlands
• Focus on Holocaust History. Index of primary and secondary material from Yad Vashem and other sources.